The National Technical Museum’s aviation collection is mainly geared toward documenting Czech civil aviation. It contains a total of 34 airplanes, of which 18 are on display in the permanent exhibit. Undoubtedly the most significant plane is the Kašpar JK system Blériot from 1911, which Ing. Kašpar used for the first long-haul flight in the history of Czech aviation. Also of great interest to experts are three world-unique military planes from the period of World War I – the Russian Anatra Anasalj, the American LWF Tractor and the Austrian Knoller CII.

 Other remarkable aviation machines on display include one of the oldest gliders the Zanonia, the Racek 3 sailplane from the 1930s, the first Czechoslovak post-war plane the Sokol M1C, the first and only Czechoslovak serial-produced HC2 Heli Baby helicopter, the Avia BH-9 a Avia BH-10 planes and the Zlín Z-XIII. Deserved attention hot-air balloon entitled Prague from 1904 is also worthy of attention.

Other planes owned by the National Technical Museum are on display at the Aviation Museum Kbely.